Pulmonary Haemorrhage from Arteriovenous Malformations: Implications and Management in Pregnancy

Abstract

Pulmonary arteriovenous malformations are rare vascular disorders known to produce life-threatening complications. An increased risk of potentially fatal complications has been reported in patients with hereditary haemorrhagic telangiectasia during pregnancy. Due to concerns regarding fetal radiation exposure, the diagnostic and therapeutic management of these patients can be particularly difficult. The problem is even more challenging in patients presenting with complications from pulmonary haemorrhage. We reviewed the literature regarding pulmonary arteriovenous malformations, with an emphasis on pregnancy and focused on the current diagnostic and treatment options available.