Clinical features, diagnosis, and management of abdominal wall endometriosis: a review

Authors

  • Deborah YL WANG
  • Mona WC LAM

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.12809/hkjgom.20.1.07

Keywords:

Abdominal wall, Cesarean section, Endometriosis, Pelvis

Abstract

Abdominal wall endometriosis is characterised by presence of ectopic endometrial tissue in the subcutaneous and muscle layer of the abdomen. It is usually related to previous surgical scars (commonly of Caesarean section). This article aims to review the pathogenesis, clinical features, diagnosis, and treatment of abdominal wall endometriosis.

References

Burney RO, Giudice LC. Pathogenesis and pathophysiology of endometriosis. Fertil Steril 2012;98:511-9.

Bektaş H, Bilsel Y, Sari YS, et al. Abdominal wall endometrioma; a 10-year experience and brief review of the literature. J Surg Res 2010;164:e77-81.

Rindos NB, Mansuria S. Diagnosis and management of abdominal wall endometriosis: a systematic review and clinical recommendations. Obstet Gynecol Surv 2017;72:116-22.

Firilas A, Soi A, Max M. Abdominal incision endometriomas. Am Surg 1994;60:259-61.

Horton JD, Dezee KJ, Ahnfeldt EP, Wagner M. Abdominal wall endometriosis: a surgeon’s perspective and review of 445 cases. Am J Surg 2008;196:207-12.

Celik M, Bülbüloglu E, Büyükbese MA, Cetinkaya A. Abdominal wall endometrioma: localizing in rectus abdominis sheath. Turk J Med Sci 2004;34:341-3.

Steck WD, Helwig EB. Cutaneous endometriosis. Clin Obstet Gynecol 1966;9:373-83.

Khan Z, Zanfagnin V, El-Nashar SA, Famuyide AO, Daftary GS, Hopkins MR. Risk factors, clinical presentation, and outcomes for abdominal wall endometriosis. J Minim Invasive Gynecol 2017;24:478-84.

Grigore M, Socolov D, Pavaleanu I, Scripcariu I, Grigore AM, Micu R. Abdominal wall endometriosis: an update in clinical, imagistic features, and management options. Med Ultrason 2017;19:430-7.

Sumathy S, Mangalakanthi J, Purushothaman K, Sharma D, Remadevi C, Sreedhar S. Symptomatology and surgical perspective of scar endometriosis: a case series of 16 women. J Obstet Gynaecol India 2017;67:218-23.

Esquivel-Estrada V, Briones-Garduño JC, Mondragón-Ballesteros R. Endometriosis implant in cesarean section surgical scar [in Spanish]. Cir Cir 2004;72:113-5.

Leite GK, Carvalho LF, Korkes H, Guazzelli TF, Kenj G, Viana Ade T. Scar endometrioma following obstetric surgical incisions: retrospective study on 33 cases and review of the literature. Sao Paulo Med J 2009;127:270-7.

Anand M, Deshmukh SD. Massive abdominal wall endometriosis masquerading as desmoid tumour. J Cutan Aesthet Surg 2011;4:141-3.

Blanco RG, Parithivel VS, Shah AK, Gumbs MA, Schein M, Gerst PH. Abdominal wall endometriomas. Am J Surg 2003;185:596-8.

Francica G, Giardiello C, Angelone G, Cristiano S, Finelli R, Tramontano G. Abdominal wall endometriomas near cesarean delivery scars: sonographic and color doppler findings in a series of 12 patients. J Ultrasound Med 2003;22:1041-7.

Hensen JH, Van Breda Vriesman AC, Puylaert JB. Abdominal wall endometriosis: clinical presentation and imaging features with emphasis on sonography. AJR Am J Roentgenol 2006;186:616-20.

Wolf Y, Haddad R, Werbin N, Skornick Y, Kaplan O. Endometriosis in abdominal scars: a diagnostic pitfall. Am Surg 1996;62:1042-4.

Savelli L, Manuzzi L, Di Donato N, et al. Endometriosis of the abdominal wall: ultrasonographic and Doppler characteristics. Ultrasound Obstet Gynecol 2012;39:336-40.

Francica G, Scarano F, Scotti L, Angelone G, Giardiello C. Endometriomas in the region of a scar from Cesarean section: sonographic appearance and clinical presentation vary with the size of the lesion. J Clin Ultrasound 2009;37:215-20.

Grigore M, Iliev G, Gafitanu, Cojocaru C. The fetal abdominal wall defects using 2D and 3D ultrasound. Pictorial essay. Med Ultrason 2012;14:341-7.

Grigore M, Iliev G. Diagnosis of sacrococcygeal teratoma using two and three-dimensional ultrasonography: two cases reported and a literature review. Med Ultrason 2014;16:274-7.

Balleyguier C, Chapron C, Chopin N, Hélénon O, Menu Y. Abdominal wall and surgical scar endometriosis: results of magnetic resonance imaging. Gynecol Obstet Invest 2003;55:220-4.

Gidwaney R, Badler RL, Yam BL, et al. Endometriosis of abdominal and pelvic wall scars: multimodality imaging findings, pathologic correlation, and radiologic mimics. Radiographics 2012;32:2031-43.

Solak A, Genç B, Yalaz S, Sahin N, Sezer TÖ, Solak I. Abdominal wall endometrioma: ultrasonographic features and correlation with clinical findings. Balkan Med J 2013;30:155-60.

Kobayashi H, Sumimoto K, Moniwa N, et al. Risk of developing ovarian cancer among women with ovarian endometrioma: a cohort study in Shizuoka, Japan. Int J Gynecol Cancer 2007;17:37-43.

Carr D, Pootrakul L, Harmon J, Trotter S. Cutaneous malignancies of the perineum. Clin Obstet Gynecol 2015;58:158-71.

Sergent F, Baron M, Le Cornec JB, Scotté M, Mace P, Marpeau L. Malignant transformation of abdominal wall endometriosis: a new case report [in French]. J Gynecol Obstet Biol Reprod (Paris) 2006;35:186-90.

Pados G, Tympanidis J, Zafrakas M, Athanatos D, Bontis JN. Ultrasound and MR-imaging in preoperative evaluation of two rare cases of scar endometriosis. Cases J 2008;1:97.

Vaz-de-Macedo C, Gomes-da-Costa A, Mendes S, et al. Abdominal wall endometriosis excision with mesh closure: report of two cases. Surg Technol Int 2016;28:196-201.

Kyamidis K, Lora V, Kanitakis J. Spontaneous cutaneous umbilical endometriosis: report of a new case with immunohistochemical study and literature review. Dermatol Online J 2011;17:5.

Xiao-Ying Z, Hua D, Jin-Juan W, et al. Clinical analysis of high-intensity focused ultrasound ablation for abdominal wall endometriosis: a 4-year experience at a specialty gynecological institution. Int J Hyperthermia 2019;36:87-94.

Maillot J, Brun JL, Dubuisson V, Bazot M, Grenier N, Cornelis FH. Mid-term outcomes after percutaneous cryoablation of symptomatic abdominal wall endometriosis: comparison with surgery alone in a single institution. Eur Radiol 2017;27:4298-306.

Chatterjee SK. Scar endometriosis: a clinicopathologic study of 17 cases. Obstet Gynecol 1980;56:81-4.

Sengul I, Sengul D, Kahyaoglu S, Kahyaoglu I. Incisional endometriosis: a report of 3 cases. Can J Surg 2009;52:444-5.

Rivlin ME, Das SK, Patel RB, Meeks GR. Leuprolide acetate in the management of cesarean scar endometriosis. Obstet Gynecol 1995;85:838-9.

Ding Y, Zhu J. A retrospective review of abdominal wall endometriosis in Shanghai, China. Int J Gynaecol Obstet 2013;121:41-4.

Steck WD, Helwig EB. Cutaneous endometriosis. JAMA 1965;191:161-70.

Bozkurt M, Çil AS, Bozkurt DK. Intramuscular abdominal wall endometriosis treated by ultrasound-guided ethanol injection. Clin Med Res 2014;12:160-5.

Muto MG, O’Neill MJ, Oliva E. Case records of the Massachusetts General Hospital. Case 18-2005. A 45-year-old woman with a painful mass in the abdomen. N Engl J Med 2005;352:2535-42.

Ozel L, Sagiroglu J, Unal A, et al. Abdominal wall endometriosis in the cesarean section surgical scar: a potential diagnostic pitfall. J Obstet Gynaecol Res 2012;38:526-30.

Downloads

Published

2023-04-06

How to Cite

1.
WANG DY, LAM MW. Clinical features, diagnosis, and management of abdominal wall endometriosis: a review. Hong Kong J Gynaecol Obstet Midwifery [Internet]. 2023 Apr. 6 [cited 2024 Apr. 26];20(1). Available from: https://hkjgom.org/home/article/view/278

Issue

Section

Perspective