Ultrasound in obstetrics and gynaecology: a narrative review
Keywords:
Gynecology, Obstetrics, UltrasonographyAbstract
Ultrasound is widely used in obstetrics and gynaecology (O&G) because it is non-invasive, free of ionising radiation, easy to use, well accepted, cost-effective, and widely available. Advances in ultrasound technologies—including real-time high-resolution imaging, colour Doppler, transvaginal scanning with specialised probes, and three-dimensional (3D) and four-dimensional (4D) imaging—have improved diagnostic accuracy and monitoring capability. This narrative review discusses the current use of ultrasound in O&G practice in Hong Kong, spanning antepartum, intrapartum, and postpartum care, as well as general gynaecology and its subspecialties. In addition to first-trimester and mid-trimester morphology scans, a third-trimester ultrasound scan should be offered to all pregnant women. Intra- and post-partum ultrasound should be performed selectively in high-risk women. Standardised terminology and measurements should be used in the assessment of uterine lesions. Prediction models should be applied in the evaluation of ovarian tumours, and detailed assessment should be undertaken for endometriosis. Selective use of 3D and 4D ultrasound and artificial intelligence functions may be helpful. To uphold standards of ultrasound practice, appropriate quality control measures should be observed.
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